TRANSFER PRICING

What we do in Transfer Pricing Services

We advise Companies having commercials transactions with its international associate enterprises for tax planning, Calculation of Arm’s Length Pricing, documentations, certification under Transfer Pricing Rules in India.

We provide services in following areas-

For Transfer Pricing CHAPTER X OF INCOME TAX ACT, 1961 specified special provisions relating to avoidance of tax. Section 92 to 94A Contains provisions for the same.

In Transfer Pricing, according to section 92A a company can be termed as an associated enterprise with respect to the other enterprise, under the following conditions:

“Associated Enterprise”, in relation to another enterprise, means an enterprise—

(a) which participates, directly or indirectly, or through one or more intermediaries, in the management or control or capital of the other enterprise; or
(b) in respect of which one or more persons who participate, directly or indirectly, or through one or more intermediaries, in its management or control or capital, are the same persons who participate, directly or indirectly, or through one or more intermediaries, in the management or control or capital of the other enterprise.

Criteria for Associated Enterprises: Two enterprises shall be deemed to be associated enterprises if, at any time during the previous year,

(a) one enterprise holds, directly or indirectly, shares carrying not less than twenty-six per cent of the voting power in the other enterprise; or
(b) any person or enterprise holds, directly or indirectly, shares carrying not less than twenty-six per cent of the voting power in each of such enterprises; or
(c) a loan advanced by one enterprise to the other enterprise constitutes not less than fifty-one per cent of the book value of the total assets of the other enterprise; or
(d) one enterprise guarantees not less than ten per cent of the total borrowings of the other enterprise; or
(e) more than half of the board of directors or members of the governing board, or one or more executive directors or executive members of the governing board of one enterprise, are appointed by the other enterprise; or
(f) more than half of the directors or members of the governing board, or one or more of the executive directors or members of the governing board, of each of the two enterprises are appointed by the same person or persons; or
(g) the manufacture or processing of goods or articles or business carried out by one enterprise is wholly dependent on the use of know-how, patents, copyrights, trade-marks, licences, franchises or any other business or commercial rights of similar nature, or any data, documentation, drawing or specification relating to any patent, invention, model, design, secret formula or process, of which the other enterprise is the owner or in respect of which the other enterprise has exclusive rights; or
(h) ninety per cent or more of the raw materials and consumables required for the manufacture or processing of goods or articles carried out by one enterprise, are supplied by the other enterprise, or by persons specified by the other enterprise, and the prices and other conditions relating to the supply are influenced by such other enterprise; or
(i) the goods or articles manufactured or processed by one enterprise, are sold to the other enterprise or to persons specified by the other enterprise, and the prices and other conditions relating thereto are influenced by such other enterprise; or
(j) where one enterprise is controlled by an individual, the other enterprise is also controlled by such individual or his relative or jointly by such individual and relative of such individual; or
(k) where one enterprise is controlled by a Hindu undivided family, the other enterprise is controlled by a member of such Hindu undivided family or by a relative of a member of such Hindu undivided family or jointly by such member and his relative; or
(l) where one enterprise is a firm, association of persons or body of individuals, the other enterprise holds not less than ten per cent interest in such firm, association of persons or body of individuals; or
(m) there exists between the two enterprises, any relationship of mutual interest, as may be prescribed.

In Transfer Pricing, Section 92C Prescribes, following various Methods to calculate the arm’s length price with respect to an international transaction are as under :

  • Cost plus method (CPM): this method is generally used where semi finished products are transferred.
  • Comparable Uncontrolled Prices Method (CUP): ): this not favourable as no public database is accessible concerning prices apply by autonomous enterprises in import of comparable products.
  • Resale Price Method (RPM):): In this method the vendor adds comparatively small or no value to goods taken from associate enterprises.In the current case in this method may be taken as the very important method as similar data of comparable deals by independent entities is available.
  • Profit Split Method (PSM): PSM method is used when associate enterprises are so combined that it turns into difficult to make transfer pricing analysis on transactional methods basis.
  • Transactional Net Margin Method (TNMM): In this method generally apply in the case of transfer of partially completed products, distribution of completed goods and where RPM cannot be sufficiently applied. In general RPM more suitably applied in this case, TNMM is also not right.
  • Other Method as prescribed by the Board (CBDT). So far, no method is prescribed by the Board.

The preparation of Transfer Pricing Documentation has to be completed and certified by the Chartered Accountant, at the time of filing of the return of income i.e. 30th November of every previous year.

In Transfer Pricing, Section 92B defines An international Transaction as follows:


“International Transaction” means a transaction between two or more associated enterprises, either or both of whom are non-residents, in the nature of purchase, sale or lease of tangible or intangible property, or provision of services, or lending or borrowing money, or any other transaction having a bearing on the profits, income, losses or assets of such enterprises, and shall include a mutual agreement or arrangement between two or more associated enterprises for the allocation or apportionment of, or any contribution to, any cost or expense incurred or to be incurred in connection with a benefit, service or facility provided or to be provided to any one or more of such enterprises.”
As such any transaction between two or more associated companies situated in different countries in terms of a property that is tangible or intangible, a service offered by the company, or any form of lending of money, etc. It is compulsory that at least one of the participants involved in the transaction is a non-resident of India. However, a transaction that has been carried out by two non-resident Indians, where one of them possesses a permanent setup in India and whose income is taxable from India, such a type of transaction is also considered as ‘International Transaction.’

(i) the expression “international transaction” shall include:

  • Purchase of raw-material;
  • Sale of finished goods;
  • Software Development services;
  • I T Enabled services;
  • Support services;
  • Technical Service fees;
  • Royalty fee ;
  • Management fees;
  • Corporate Guarantee fees;
  • Loan received or paid;
  • Purchase of fixed assets;
  • Reimbursement of expenses paid /received;
  • Sale or purchase of machinery etc…
  • Transactions of Intangible Assets and Properties such as Patent, Royalty, Goodwill etc.

We offers clients based on the inputs given, most qualitative and intelligent online Transfer Pricing Documentation work. Further, tax advise and consulting on fixation of Arm’s Length Price and adoption of most appropriate method will also be suggested. This documentation requirements and inputs are different Case to Case depending upon the complexities and issues involved into the same however, based on the Transfer Pricing Laws and Concepts.
We will provide similar functional comparable from the public data bases both locally and globally, after comparing the FAR Analysis (FAR: functional, Assets and Risk Analysis), basing on economic and market conditions. This TP study includes the contemporaneous data analysis and research from the public data bases also, while analyzing the correct and similar functional comparables.

Generally, Transfer Pricing Rules triggers when two or more Associated Enterprises (AEs) companies enter into a commercial contract during an international transaction in order to allocate a particular cost incurred in relation with a Sales, Service or Facility presented by any one or all of the companies, then such a cost/pricing shall be calculated taking into account the arm’s length price of the particular assistance, service, or facility, as applicable.

For Transfer Pricing following documents have to be maintained when a company is involved in an international transaction.

  • The details of the ownership of the person with respect to the company. These include the ownership structure, the details of the shares, and information on ownerships held by any other company on it.
  • A detailed profile of the foreign group to which the assessed company is associated with for the international transactions. The details such as name, address, country where tax returns are filed, and the legal status, etc., have to be furnished about the multinational group.
  • A detailed description of the business activities of both the assessed person and the associated group of companies with whom the former has been involved in international transaction.
  • The details of the international transaction, such as the nature of the transaction, details of the property or services transferred, the terms contained in the transaction, and the amount and value of each transaction.
  • The details of the functions carried out by such a transaction, the details of the risks involved and the value of the assets used or to be used by the assessed or the associated company that is involved in such a transaction.
  • The details of the records collected for the entire business or a particular division of the business during the period of the company’s business activity in which the foreign transaction has been involved. These include reports such as the estimates made on various market trends, forecasts about the market, budget analysis or any other such finance-related reports prepared by the company.
  • The details of the uncontrolled transactions, if any, that has taken place with a third party during the period of the international transaction. The nature and the terms and conditions of such transaction have to be mentioned as they play an important role in deciding the value of the international transaction.
  • The details of the analysis conducted in order to assess the impact of the uncontrolled transaction on the international transaction concerned.
  • The details of the various methods considered and the most appropriate method adopted in deciding the arm’s length price with respect to an international transaction. The details should also include the details on why the particular method was adopted and how it was implemented successfully in order to decide the arm’s length price and why other methods are rejected / not suitable to the entity, have to be observed.

The following are the various steps / stages while preparing the TP study:

We advise Companies having commercials transactions with its international associate enterprises for tax planning, Calculation of Arm’s Length Pricing, documentations, certification under Transfer Pricing Rules in India.

” SAFE HARBOUR RULES ” IN TRANSFER PRICING

Recently government of India has notified Safe Harbour Rules for following class of Companies. Accordingly, if assessee opts for Safe Harbour Rules, and pay taxes accordingly, no additional tax liability will be demanded in assessment.
(1) IT Sector
(2) ITES Sector
(3) Contract R&D in the IT and Pharmaceutical Sector
(4) Financial transactions-Outbound loans
(5) Financial Transactions-Corporate Guarantees
(6) Auto Ancillaries-Original Equipment Manufacturers

Sr No
International Transactions
Circumstances
1
Provision of software Development services other than contract R&D.
The operating profit margin declared in relation to operating expense incurred is 20 per cent or more where aggragate value of such transactions is less than Rs 100 Crores and in other cases 22%.
2
Provision of information technology enabled services other than contract R&D where the total value of international transaction does not exceed Rs 100 crore
The operating profit margin declared in relation to operating expense is 20 per cent. or more where aggragate value of such transactions is less than Rs 500 Crores and in other cases 22%.
3
Provision of information technology enabled services being knowledge processes outsourcing services other than contract R&D where the total value of international transaction does not exceed Rs 100 crore
The operating profit margin declared in relation to operating expense is 25 per cent. or more.
4
Advancing of intra-group loan to wholly owned subsidiary where the amount of loan does not exceed Rs 50 crore .
The Interest rate declared in relation to the international transaction, is equal to or greater than the base rate of State Bank of India (SBI) as on 30th June of the relevant previous year plus 150 basis points.
5
Advancing of intra-group loans to wholly owned subsidiary where the amount of loan exceeds Rs. 50 crore.
The Interest rate declared in relation to the international transaction is equal to or greater than the base rate of SBI as on 30th June of the relevant previous year plus 300 basis points.
6
Providing explicit corporate guarantee to wholly owned subsidiary..
The commission or fee declared in relation to the international transaction is at the rate of 2% / 1.75% or more per annum on the amount guaranteed.
7
Provision of specified contract research and development services wholly or partly relating to software development.
The operating profit margin declared in relation to operating expense incurred is 30 per cent. or more.
8
Provision of contract research and development services wholly or partly relating to generic pharmaceutical drugs.
The operating profit margin declared in relation to operating expense incurred is 29 per cent. or more.
9
Manufacture and export of core auto components
The operating profit margin declared in relation to operating expense is 12 per cent. or more.
10
Manufacture and export of non- core auto components.
The operating profit margin declared in relation to operating expense is 8.5 per cent. or more.

Safe Harbour Rules shall not be applicable in respect of an international transaction entered into with an associated enterprise located in any country or territory notified under section 94A of the Income-tax Act, 1961, or in a no tax or low tax country or territory.

Above points are only for reference. In case you need details, please contact us at
ang@angca.com

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Pune head office address

7, Saraswati Heights,Behind Goodluck Cafe, Deccan Gymkhana, Pune -411004
Phone : +91-7722063311
Email : ang@angca.com

Pune branch office address

Tulasi Green, Office 1, B/H- D-Mart, Baner Road, Nandan Prospera Rd, Laxman Nagar, Baner, Pune, Maharashtra 411045
Phone : +91-9420442921
Email : ang@angca.com

Mumbai branch address

A.N GAWADE & CO  LLP
5B, Maker Bhavan, No 2, 5th Floor,S V Thackersy Marg,New Marine Lines,
Mumbai-400020.
Mobile : +91-8983424134
Email : ang@angca.com